Huh? I understand "sanitation" to mean "a transformation of data that makes the data safe for use in the subsequent program". Escaping is one way of doing that transformation, and it's good because it's not lossy.

Another example: A "transformation" that's a "sanitation" but not "escaping" would be replacing all occurrences of "<" with "&lt;" (among others!). It surely doesn't add escape characters (e.g. \), but instead replaces the problematic substring with a replacement string that makes the string safe to display on a website. Of course you'll want to replace user-supplied "&lt;" with "&amp;lt;".

(btw, thanks for that it's "sanitation" and not "sanitization" ^^).

I've seen "sanitization" used to often mean filtering or removal of some of the input

Not sure I agree, for me sanitation has a strong connotation with removing things. And sending data out of band from code on the other hand cannot be seen as a form of sanitation. And is my preferred method of solving this issue.

You're essentially saying "sanitation" equals "filtering". Looking at CWE-707 (https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/707.html) I'd rather say that "sanitation" is what MITRE calls [begin quote]transformation of the input/output to be "safe" using techniques such as filtering, encoding/decoding, escaping/unescaping, quoting/unquoting, or canonicalization[end quote] (well, I'm repeating myself here).

Now a Google search finds instances where sanitization/sanitation also includes techniques beyond filtering: https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/input-sanitization/ https://hack.technoherder.com/input-sanitization/ https://developer.wordpress.org/plugins/security/securing-in... https://stackoverflow.com/questions/129677/how-can-i-sanitiz...

But there are also results where it isn't really clear, or where the only sanitation technique considered is filtering. So I'd say "yeah, it's unclear and poorly defined".

Buuuuut: I still like my definition more, as I have a word for "all techniques that aim to make an input safe for processing" (sanitation/sanitization) while I can still refer to "destructive elimination of substrings" as just "filtering", which is a again different from outright "rejection of input" by using an "allow list" or "deny list". :P

I agree that splitting data and code is the way to go, if that's an option. But I didn't talk about that in the post you're answering to, so I'll ignore that ;-)

I think, generally, sanitization means protecting against potentially malicious input. Whether it takes form via escaping or removal or some other remediation is beside the point.

I'd say sanitization implies that there's something wrong with the data and you need to clean/fix it. But the former isn't true and the latter sounds like removing or irreversibly remapping characters.